Cast iron pipe is sometimes joined with bolted flanges, or in some cases, mechanical compression connections. ![]() Older systems before the 1950s were caulked using a combination of molten lead and a fibrous material such as oakum. Bell-and-spigot, or sometimes, hub-and-spigot, fittings are joined today primarily with elastomeric gaskets that fit inside the bell and accommodate the insertion of the plain pipe end or fitting. These hubless or no hub designs are sometimes referred to as rubber pipe couplings or rubber plumbing couplings and are especially popular for transitioning from one material to another-from copper to cast iron, for instance. Hubless designs rely on elastomeric couplers that are secured to the outer diameters of the pipe or fitting by clamps, usually a stainless steel band clamp that compresses the elastomeric material and forms a seal. ![]() ![]() Pipe Fittings Explained: Fitting Materials and Manufacturing Processes Cast and malleable ironįittings for cast iron pipe fall under hubless and bell-and-spigot styles.
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